Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Syllabus 2026

Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Overview

The Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB) conducts the Intermediate (Class 12) examination annually for students across Science, Commerce, and Arts streams. This comprehensive guide provides a detailed overview of the syllabus, exam pattern, topic-wise weightage, and preparation tips for the Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Examination 2026.

Examination Overview

Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Exam Pattern 2026

The Bihar Board Class 12 examination typically consists of both objective (Multiple Choice Questions - MCQs) and subjective questions. Each subject carries 100 marks, with a general division of 50% objective and 50% subjective questions. Students must choose a minimum of 5 subjects, including compulsory language papers.

Subject-wise Exam Pattern

Note: The exact number of objective and subjective questions may vary slightly each year. Students are advised to refer to the official model papers released by BSEB.

Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Detailed Syllabus 2026

The syllabus for Bihar Board Class 12 is comprehensive and covers various topics across different streams. Below is a detailed breakdown of the core subjects:

Science Stream Syllabus

Physics

• Electrostatics: Electric Charges and Fields, Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance.
• Current Electricity: Electric Current, Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, Wheatstone Bridge, Potentiometer.
• Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism: Moving Charges and Magnetism, Magnetism and Matter.
• Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Currents: Electromagnetic Induction, Alternating Current.
• Electromagnetic Waves: Nature and properties of electromagnetic waves.
• Optics: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments, Wave Optics.
• Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter: Photoelectric Effect, Matter Waves.
• Atoms & Nuclei: Bohr Model, Radioactivity, Nuclear Fission and Fusion.
• Electronic Devices: Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits.
• Communication Systems: Elements of a Communication System, Modulation.

Chemistry

• Solid State: Classification of Solids, Crystal Lattices, Unit Cells, Defects in Solids.
• Solutions: Types of Solutions, Colligative Properties, Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions.
• Electrochemistry: Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Electrolytic Cells, Nernst Equation.
• Chemical Kinetics: Rate of Reaction, Order and Molecularity, Activation Energy.
• Surface Chemistry: Adsorption, Catalysis, Colloids.
• General Principles & Processes of Isolation of Elements: Metallurgy.
• p-Block Elements: Group 15, 16, 17, 18 elements.
• d- & f-Block Elements: Transition Elements, Lanthanoids, Actinoids.
• Coordination Compounds: Werner's Theory, IUPAC Nomenclature, Isomerism, Bonding.
• Haloalkanes & Haloarenes: Preparation, Properties, Reactions.
• Alcohols, Phenols & Ethers: Preparation, Properties, Reactions.
• Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids: Preparation, Properties, Reactions.
• Amines: Classification, Preparation, Properties, Reactions.
• Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Vitamins.
• Polymers: Classification, Types of Polymerization, Important Polymers.
• Chemistry in Everyday Life: Drugs, Food Preservatives, Cleansing Agents.

Mathematics

• Relations & Functions: Types of Relations, Types of Functions, Composition of Functions, Inverse of a Function.
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Definition, Properties, Graphs.
• Matrices: Types of Matrices, Operations on Matrices, Transpose, Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices.
• Determinants: Properties of Determinants, Adjoint and Inverse of a Matrix, Applications.
• Continuity & Differentiability: Continuity, Differentiability, Derivatives of Composite Functions, Logarithmic and Exponential Functions.
• Applications of Derivatives: Rate of Change, Increasing/Decreasing Functions, Tangents and Normals, Maxima and Minima.
• Integrals: Integration as Inverse Process of Differentiation, Methods of Integration, Definite Integrals.
• Applications of Integrals: Area under Simple Curves, Area between Two Curves.
• Differential Equations: Order and Degree, General and Particular Solutions, Methods of Solving.
• Vector Algebra: Types of Vectors, Scalar and Vector Products, Scalar Triple Product.
• Three Dimensional Geometry: Direction Cosines and Ratios, Lines and Planes in Space.
• Linear Programming: Linear Programming Problem, Graphical Method of Solution.
• Probability: Conditional Probability, Bayes' Theorem, Random Variables, Binomial Distribution.

Biology

• Reproduction: Reproduction in Organisms, Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants, Human Reproduction, Reproductive Health.
• Genetics & Evolution: Principles of Inheritance and Variation, Molecular Basis of Inheritance, Evolution.
• Biology & Human Welfare: Human Health and Disease, Microbes in Human Welfare.
• Biotechnology & Its Applications: Principles and Processes of Biotechnology, Biotechnology and its Applications.
• Ecology & Environment: Organisms and Populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity and Conservation, Environmental Issues.

Commerce Stream Syllabus

Accountancy

• Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations: Receipts and Payments Account, Income and Expenditure Account, Balance Sheet.
• Accounting for Partnership Firms: Fundamentals, Reconstitution (Change in Profit Sharing Ratio, Admission, Retirement, Death), Dissolution of Partnership Firm.
• Accounting for Companies: Share Capital (Issue, Forfeiture, Reissue), Debentures (Issue, Redemption).
• Financial Statement Analysis: Comparative and Common Size Statements, Ratio Analysis, Cash Flow Statement.

Business Studies

• Nature & Significance of Management: Concepts, Objectives, Importance, Levels, Functions.
• Principles of Management: Fayol's Principles, Taylor's Scientific Management.
• Business Environment: Dimensions of Business Environment.
• Planning: Concept, Importance, Limitations, Process, Types.
• Organising: Concept, Importance, Process, Structure, Delegation, Decentralisation.
• Staffing: Concept, Importance, Process, Recruitment, Selection, Training.
• Directing: Concept, Importance, Elements (Supervision, Motivation, Leadership, Communication).
• Controlling: Concept, Importance, Relationship with Planning, Process.
• Financial Management: Objectives, Financial Decisions, Financial Planning, Capital Structure.
• Financial Markets: Money Market, Capital Market (Primary & Secondary).
• Marketing Management: Marketing Mix (Product, Price, Place, Promotion).
• Consumer Protection: Consumer Rights, Consumer Protection Act 1986.

Economics

• Introductory Macroeconomics: National Income and Related Aggregates, Money and Banking, Government Budget and the Economy, Balance of Payments.
• Indian Economic Development: Development Experience (1947-90), Economic Reforms since 1991, Current Challenges facing Indian Economy (Poverty, Human Capital Formation, Rural Development, Employment, Infrastructure, Sustainable Development), Development Experience of India with Neighbours.

Arts Stream Syllabus

History

• Harappan Archaeology: The Story of the First Cities.
• Political & Economic History: From the Mauryas to the Guptas.
• Social Histories: Kinship, Caste and Class.
• Cultural Developments: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings.
• Perceiving through the Eyes of Travellers: Accounts of Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, and Francois Bernier.
• Bhakti-Sufi Traditions: Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts.
• Imperial Capital: Vijayanagara: A City of Victory.
• Agrarian Relations: The Mughal Empire.
• Colonialism & the Countryside: Exploring Official Archives.
• Rebels & the Raj: The Revolt of 1857 and its Representations.
• Mahatma Gandhi & the Nationalist Movement: Civil Disobedience and Beyond.
• Framing the Constitution: The Beginning of a New Era.

Political Science

• Contemporary World Politics: The Cold War Era, The End of Bipolarity, US Hegemony in World Politics, Alternative Centres of Power, Contemporary South Asia, International Organisations, Security in the Contemporary World, Environment and Natural Resources, Globalisation.
• Politics in India Since Independence: Challenges of Nation Building, Era of One-Party Dominance, Politics of Planned Development, India's External Relations, Challenges to the Congress System, Crisis of Democratic Order, Regional Aspirations, Recent Developments in Indian Politics.

Geography

• Human Geography: Fundamentals: Human Activities (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary), Transport and Communication, International Trade, Human Settlements.
• India: People & Economy: Population (Distribution, Density, Growth, Composition), Human Settlements, Resources and Development (Land, Water, Mineral, Energy), Transport, Communication and International Trade, Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems.

Compulsory Subjects Syllabus (Common for all streams)

English (100 Marks)

• Prose (Rainbow Part 2): Indian Civilization and Culture, Bharat is My Home, A Pinch of Snuff, I Have a Dream, Ideas That Have Helped Mankind, The Artist, A Child is Born, How Free is the Press, The Earth, India Through a Traveller's Eye, A Marriage Proposal.
• Poetry (Rainbow Part 2): Sweetest Love I Do Not Go, Song of Myself, Now the Leaves are Falling Fast, Ode to Autumn, An Epitaph, The Soldier, Macavity: The Mystery Cat, Fire Hymn, Snake, My Grandmother's House.
• Grammar: Tense, Voice, Narration, Preposition, Articles, Sentence Structure, Synonyms, Antonyms, One-word Substitution, Spelling Test.
• Composition: Essay Writing, Letter Writing/Application, Precis Writing, Comprehension.

Hindi (100 Marks)

• गद्य खंड (दिगंत भाग 2): बातचीत, उसने कहा था, संपूर्ण क्रांति, अर्धनारीश्वर, रोज, एक लेख और एक पत्र, ओ सदानीरा, सिपाही की माँ, प्रगीत और समाज, जूठन, हँसते हुए मेरा अकेलापन, तिरिछ, शिक्षा.
• पद्य खंड (दिगंत भाग 2): कड़बक, सूरदास के पद, तुलसीदास के पद, छप्पय, कवित्त, तुमुल कोलाहल कलह में, पुत्र वियोग, उषा, जन-जन का चेहरा एक, अधिनायक, प्यारे नन्हें बेटे को, हार-जीत, गाँव का घर.
• व्याकरण: संज्ञा, सर्वनाम, विशेषण, क्रिया, अव्यय, संधि, समास, उपसर्ग, प्रत्यय, पर्यायवाची शब्द, विलोम शब्द, अनेक शब्दों के लिए एक शब्द, मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ.
• रचना: निबंध लेखन, पत्र लेखन/आवेदन, संक्षेपण, अपठित गद्यांश.

Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Topic-Wise Expected Weightage

Understanding the expected weightage of topics can help students prioritize their study plan. The following table provides an estimated distribution of questions/marks based on previous years' trends. This is indicative and may vary.

Bihar Board Inter Class 12 Preparation Tips

• 1. Understand the Syllabus & Exam Pattern: Thoroughly review the official syllabus and exam pattern to know what to study and how the exam is structured. Pay attention to the weightage of different topics.
• 2. Create a Study Schedule: Develop a realistic and consistent study timetable, allocating sufficient time for each subject and topic, including dedicated slots for revision and practice.
• 3. Focus on Concepts: Instead of rote learning, strive to understand the core concepts. This helps in solving both objective and subjective questions effectively and builds a strong foundation for higher studies.
• 4. Practice Previous Year Papers & Model Sets: Solve previous years' question papers and official model sets released by BSEB. This helps in familiarizing yourself with question types, time management, and identifying weak areas.
• 5. Regular Revision & Self-Assessment: Regularly revise all subjects and topics. Conduct self-assessments through mock tests to track your progress, identify areas needing improvement, and refine your exam strategy.